The only alleged price gouging I've seen was back during the gasoline shortage in the 70s in Houston. There were long lines at all the stations, except one. One gasoline station owner raised the price of a gallon of gasoline to a price that at the time was way in excess of the pre-shortage price. Then the MSM discovered him. And the TV and print media rained holy hell down on him.
He was portrayed a some kinda robber baron, and he caved in short order. However, he was merely a provider of a product to those who were willing and able to pay extra for it in exchange for their not having to fight the crowds at the other stations. Think of first class air travel compared to the cheap seats.
Fast forward to today, when some are making claims against alleged price gougers in Houston. The Texas Attorney General helpfully explains that price gouging is illegal. It shouldn't be.
The brilliant Thomas Sowell explains why in his article from 2004, 'Price gouging' in Florida. Excerpt:
What do prices do? They not only allow sellers to recover their costs, they force buyers to restrict how much they demand. More generally, prices cause goods and the resources that produce goods to flow in one direction through the economy rather than in a different direction.
How do "price gouging" and laws against it fit into this?
When either supply or demand changes, prices change. When the law prevents this, as with Florida's anti-price-gouging laws, that reduces the flow of resources to where they would be most in demand. At the same time, price control reduces the need for the consumer to limit his demands on existing goods and resources.
In other words, with price controls, the first people to get there buy up all the available supplies. And there's little incentive for the retailer to restock.
Finally, for those who think only the government can come to the rescue, see Mark J. Perry's excellent piece, Private sector to the rescue in Texas: Never underestimate the power of the private sector to rise up to any challenge, in which he relates how dozens of companies have come forth with people and supplies to help flood victims. It's a must read.